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  • Various set pinned specimen butterflies laid out on display, colourful, spectacular, dead stock
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  • Young Girl, holding Giant Atlas Moth on hand, Attacus atlas
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  • Young Girl, holding Giant Atlas Moth on hand, Attacus atlas
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  • Young Girl, holding Mother of Pearl Butterfly, Salamis parhassus
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  • Benedict's reagent reacting with sugars. It is a blue coloured solution, which is a mixture containing copper sulphate. It is used in biochemistry as a test for the presence of sugars. It reacts with sugars, such as glucose, to form an orange precipitate.
    38413RKP.jpg
  • Parafin oil being poured into a beaker as a demonstration of its viscosity. Viscosity is the internal resistance of a fluid to the flow of that fluid.
    38396RKP.jpg
  • Paper Chromatography of Ink. Chromatography is an analytical process, which separates a compound into its constituent chemicals. Chromatography paper is dipped vertically in a solvent with the ink painted on it. Capillary action draws the solvent up through the paper and dissolves the ink. As the solvent travels up the paper it takes the various chemicals in the ink with it, separating them into a series of colored bands.
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  • Bromine gas diffusion. Bromine vapour (orange) filling the lower of two gas jar before the seal between them is removed to demonstrate gas diffusion. Because gas molecules can move independently of each other and do so randomly, a gas spreads out from its source in a process called diffusion. The diffusion rate depends mainly on the temperature and the medium through which the diffusion takes place. In this case, the medium is air. The gas colour allows the diffusion to be observed. Sequence 3 of 4
    38294RKP.jpg
  • Lithium burning in the flame of a bunsen burner producing a pink/red flame. The colour of the flame is caused by electrons that have been excited to a higher energy state. When they relax they emit energy in the form of a characteristic wavelength of light. The colour of the flame is different for different elements and can be used to identify unknown substances.
    38268RKP.jpg
  • Sodium reacting with chlorine to form sodium chloride (NaCl, common salt). A burning piece of the alkali metal sodium (Na) has a gas jar containing the halogen gas chlorine (Cl2) placed over it.  The reaction is violent and exothermic (heat-releasing).
    38289RKP.jpg
  • Boiling water in a conical flask being heated by a bunsen burner. Pure water boils at a temperature of 100 degrees celsius in the standard atmospheric pressure of 101. 325 kilopascals. The boiling point may be raised by an increased atmospheric pressure or the presence of impurities in the water. The boiling point may be reduced by a low atmospheric pressure.
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  • This device is used to measure voltage. Voltage is the potential difference, also called the electromotive force, measured between two points in a flow of electric current. It can be thought of as a measure of the force of the current, and is closely related to the resistance of the circuit and the amount of current. The relative power of batteries is measured in terms of their voltage. This is a digital voltmeter, displaying the voltage as digits on an LCD (liquid crystal display) screen
    38343RKP.jpg
  • Universal indicator paper. This paper is used to measure the strength of an acid or an alkali. When the paper is dipped into a solution, it changes colour depending on the solution's pH. pH is a logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration. Acid solutions have a high concentration of hydrogen ions, while alkali solutions have a low concentration of hydrogen ions.
    38327RKP.jpg
  • pH measurement. Electrometrical measurement of the pH of water. The pH of a solution is a measure of the amount of free hydrogen ions present. This indicates acidity and alkalinity. The more free ions present, the more acidic the solution is said to be. pH is measured on an inverse scale: the smaller the number, the more acidic the solution. Here, the pH meter is showing 5.48, indicating weakly acidic water. The scale runs from 0-14, with pure (distilled and deionised) water considered neutral at pH 7. There are several reasons why water may deviate from pH 7, including the presence of dissolved salts and gases.
    38325RKP.jpg
  • Titration experiment to measure the volume of acid needed to neutralize an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution is in the conical flask (bottom centre) and its alkalinity is indicated by the use of phenolphthalein indicator from the bottle. This indicator turns pink in an alkaline solution and colourless in an acidic solution. The acid is in the burette, the volume-measuring apparatus held over the flask. The tap (lower centre) is used to add acid until a colourless solution forms at the reaction endpoint. This acid volume is compared to the known volume of alkali, giving information on reaction chemistry and chemical concentrations.
    38316RKP.jpg
  • glass jars with chemicals inside, against black background - Sodium Chloride, Copper Sulphate, Litium Carbonate, Nickle Sulphate & Potassium Iodine
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  • Flame test for copper. A compound containing the element copper (symbol Cu) produces a characteristic blue-green flame when heated in a bunsen burner. This colour is produced when copper electrons give off extra energy as a specific type of radiation (in this case it is visible light but it can be radio waves or gamma rays). This distinct energy release is known as an emission spectrum. Each element has its own emission spectrum, which allows it to be identified in different materials.
    38267RKP.jpg
  • Bunsen Burner with Medium flame - yellow to blue
    38261RKP.jpg
  • Eye Wash Area in Laboratory, showing signs and how to use flexible water tap
    38246RKP.jpg
  • Magnetic field. Bar magnet underneath sheet of paper with iron filings aligned around it. The magnetic field induces magnetism in each of the filings, which then line up in the field. Although the field is actually continuous, interactions between the filings cause them to accumulate in thin arcing lines
    38236RKP.jpg
  • Electromagnet - picking up paper clips.  When electric current is passed through the wire, a magnetic field is produced, attracting steel paper clips
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  • Reading a burette. A burette is a vertical, cylindrical piece of laboratory glassware, with a volumetric graduation marked along its full length. A precision tap, or stopcock, on the bottom allows highly accurate control over the release of liquid contained within the burette. Burettes are used to dispense known amounts of a liquid in experiments where precise measurements are necessary, such as a titration experiment.
    38319RKP.jpg
  • Benedict's reagent reacting with sugars. It is a blue coloured solution, which is a mixture containing copper sulphate. It is used in biochemistry as a test for the presence of sugars. It reacts with sugars, such as glucose, to form an orange precipitate.
    38414RKP.jpg
  • Electrolysis is the use of an electrical current to decompose a chemical, in this case water. Reactions at the two electrodes are powered by an electric current. Oxygen and hydrogen gas bubbles are evolved at the anode and cathode respectively. As water molecules consist of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, twice as much hydrogen as oxygen is trapped in the test tubes
    38389RKP.jpg
  • The precipitates are a result of using silver nitrate to test for halogen ions. The colour of the precipitate depends on the halogen present, chloride is white, bromide pale cream and iodide pale yellow.
    38386RKP.jpg
  • Spring-loaded with weight balance used to measure a standard mass. Sequence 2 of 2
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  • Universal indicator paper. This paper is used to measure the strength of an acid or an alkali. When the paper is dipped into a solution, it changes colour depending on the solution's pH. pH is a logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration. Acid solutions have a high concentration of hydrogen ions, while alkali solutions have a low concentration of hydrogen ions.
    38332RKP.jpg
  • Burning spirits to show different energy consumption
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  • Sodium flame test. Positive result of a flame test for sodium (Na), producing a yellow colour. This is due to the excitation of electrons in the sodium by the heat of the flame. As these electrons lose their energy, they emit photons of yellow light. The colour of the flame is different for different elements and can be used to identify unknown substances. The metal compound being tested here is sodium chloride.
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  • Flame test. Potassium burning in the flame of a bunsen burner producing a lilac flame. The colour of the flame is caused by electrons that have been excited to a higher energy state. When they relax they emit energy in the form of a characteristic wavelength of light. The colour of the flame is different for different elements and can be used to identify unknown substances.
    38270RKP.jpg
  • Flame test. Barium burning in the flame of a bunsen burner producing a green flame. The colour of the flame is caused by electrons that have been excited to a higher energy state. When they relax they emit energy in the form of a characteristic wavelength of light. The colour of the flame is different for different elements and can be used to identify unknown substances.
    38265RKP.jpg
  • Showing set up for burning magnesium in bunsen burner flame
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  • to demonstrate the extremely violent reaction of thermite when ignited. Thermite is a pyrotechnic composition of a metal powder and a metal oxide, which produces an exothermic reaction known as a thermite reaction. The reaction is not explosive, but can create bursts of extremely high temperatures focused on a very small area for a short period of time. Thermites can have a diverse class of compositions using any of a variety of metals and oxides. The most common is aluminium with iron(III) oxide.
    38411RKP.jpg
  • Parafin oil being poured into a beaker as a demonstration of its viscosity. Viscosity is the internal resistance of a fluid to the flow of that fluid.
    38398RKP.jpg
  • Hydrated Copper Sulphate in left hand tube (blue) and un-hydrated copper sulphate in right hand tube (white) Adding water to de-hydrated copper sulphate. Water being added to a test tube containing de-hydrated (anhydrous) copper (II) sulphate (CuSO4, white). The copper (II) sulphate forms hydration bonds with the water in an exothermic (heat-producing) reaction, resulting in hydrated copper (II) sulphate (blue).
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  • Sodium. Chunks of the reactive metallic element sodium (Na). The shiny surfaces have been exposed by the knife cutting the metal. Sodium is a soft alkali metal that reacts rapidly with the water and oxygen in the air. This will tarnish the shiny surfaces as the oxide and hydroxide form. Sodium is not found in its elemental form in nature, due to it being highly reactive, and is mainly found in the salt (sodium chloride) of salt deposits and sea water. Sodium is obtained by the electrolysis of sodium chloride. Numerous sodium compounds are manufactured by the chemical industry and have wide-ranging uses
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  • Showing the effect of bubbling carbon dioxide gas through lime water. The lime water is saturated calcium hydroxide solution (Ca(OH)2) which reacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) to precipitate solid calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This turns the lime water cloudy (right) from its initially clear state (left).
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  • Iodine test for starch. Test tubes before (left) and right (after) showing a black colour that is the positive result of the test for starch using iodine. The starch  is a long coiled molecule. Iodine combines with the starch and ends up in the coil, which is why the iodine turns from light brown to black.
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  • pH measurement. Electrometrical measurement of the pH of water. The pH of a solution is a measure of the amount of free hydrogen ions present. This indicates acidity and alkalinity. The more free ions present, the more acidic the solution is said to be. pH is measured on an inverse scale: the smaller the number, the more acidic the solution. Here, the pH meter is showing 5.48, indicating weakly acidic water. The scale runs from 0-14, with pure (distilled and deionised) water considered neutral at pH 7. There are several reasons why water may deviate from pH 7, including the presence of dissolved salts and gases.
    38323RKP.jpg
  • Magnesium metal reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
    38297RKP.jpg
  • Bromine gas diffusion. Bromine vapour (orange) filling the lower of two gas jar before the seal between them is removed to demonstrate gas diffusion. Because gas molecules can move independently of each other and do so randomly, a gas spreads out from its source in a process called diffusion. The diffusion rate depends mainly on the temperature and the medium through which the diffusion takes place. In this case, the medium is air. The gas colour allows the diffusion to be observed. Sequence 1 of 4
    38292RKP.jpg
  • Bunsen Burner with cool flame - yellow
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  • Experiment showing stages of Magnesium strip burning in flame
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  • Lab Technician & Laboratory fume cupboard. The fume cupboard is a ventilation system used in science laboratories where hazardous chemicals are handled, especially those that produce hazardous fumes. The chemicals are handled behind a glass screen that can be raised and lowered. Extraction fans remove fumes through the pipes at top.
    38248RKP.jpg
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